Science Calculators

Solve Newton's second law F = ma for force, mass, or acceleration with step-by-step substitution.

Calculate kinetic energy, mass, or velocity from KE = 1/2mv^2 with square-root reverse solving.

Solve gravitational potential energy PE = mgh for energy, mass, gravity, or height.

Calculate momentum, mass, or velocity using p = mv with clear physics steps.

Solve impulse J = FΔt for impulse, average force, or contact time.

Calculate mechanical work W = Fd for work, force, or displacement.

Solve power P = W/t for power, work, or time with physics units and steps.

Calculate pressure, force, or area using P = F/A with pascal-based steps.

Solve density, mass, or volume using density = mass / volume with lab-friendly steps.

Calculate torque, force, or lever arm distance using tau = Fr for perpendicular force.

Calculate centripetal force, mass, speed, or radius using F = mv^2/r.

Solve wave speed v = f lambda for speed, frequency, or wavelength.

Convert between wave period and frequency using T = 1/f with clear reciprocal steps.

Solve voltage, current, or resistance using V = IR with electrical-unit steps.

Calculate electrical power, voltage, or current from P = VI.

Solve electric charge Q = It for charge, current, or elapsed time.

Solve Q = CV for capacitor charge, capacitance, or voltage with clear unit-aware circuit steps.

Solve Q = mc delta T for heat energy, mass, specific heat, or temperature change.

Solve spring force F = kx for force, spring constant, or displacement.

Estimate linear expansion delta L = alpha L delta T for length changes due to temperature.

Solve molarity, moles of solute, or solution volume using M = n/V.

Solve M1V1 = M2V2 for stock concentration, stock volume, final concentration, or final volume.

Convert between mass, moles, and molar mass using mass = moles x molar mass.

Calculate percent yield, actual yield, or theoretical yield for chemistry lab reports.

Convert between pH and pOH at 25 C using pH + pOH = 14 for acid-base homework checks.

Solve PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles, or temperature using R = 8.314 kPa L/(mol K).

Solve buoyant force F_b = rho V g for fluid density, displaced volume, gravity, or upward force.

Solve hydrostatic pressure P = rho g h for pressure, fluid density, gravity, or depth.

Solve spring potential energy U = 1/2kx^2 for energy, spring constant, or stretch distance.

Solve Newton's law of gravitation F = Gm1m2/r^2 for force, mass, or center-to-center distance.

Solve n1 sin(theta1) = n2 sin(theta2) for refractive index or angle in degrees.

Solve P1V1 = P2V2 for gas pressure or volume when temperature and moles stay constant.

Solve radioactive decay or repeated halving with remaining = initial x (1/2)^(time/half-life).

Estimate gas density from pressure, molar mass, and temperature using density = PM/RT.